When a player is injured in the middle game, it is immediately replaced by another for his team to keep it running. However, when a heart has a heart attack, the damaged area is not repaired and the heart has to make do with the other 'players' to continue pumping, but at a different pace. Now, British scientists have developed a method for producing 'reserves' to replace dead cells in a heart attack and with the sound can continue working as before. This work, currently only has proved successful in mice but is a big step to open the door to new therapies.
Since stem cells known to exist in different parts of the human body, cardiologists have developed numerous studies with two objectives. The first is to show that even in the heart are those cells capable of becoming any cell type. On the other hand, they also seek a way to use as a therapy to regenerate cardiac tissue. Ultimately, the goal is a safe and effective method to transform these stem cells into new heart muscle components that can restore the function of the infarcted zone.
Stem cells are activated
The work, developed by researchers at University College London (United Kingdom), seems to have hit the mark of that search. These scientists focused on the epicardial progenitor cells are the stem cells of the outer membrane that surrounds the heart. In the embryo, they are able to transform into other specialty. However, it seems that when we become adults and can not give rise to other cells. The achievement of this team has been to restore that capability.
First, they injected a molecule called thymosin beta 4 in healthy hearts of adult mice. The researchers then returned to inoculate booster dose of the molecule in mice that suffered a heart attack. This substance triggered the activation of stem cells from the epicardium that began to transform into new heart muscle cells and integrate with other companions healthy heart muscle.
As the lead researcher, Paul Riley, "I could imagine that a patient with a high risk of myocardial infarction, well because of family history or symptoms because your doctor suspects to take a pill, based on this experiment, the line of statins, which could prepare their hearts so that, if you suffer a heart attack, the damage could be repaired. "
However, despite the excellent results, much work remains ahead. Although tyrosine led to the formation of adult cardiac muscle cells, their number was limited. The researchers plan to further explore the mechanism for developing a more effective method to transform stem cells into specialized cells.
To these constraints we must add the potential risks. "If this molecule is able to transform stem cells into other, could also cause tumors. So the main thing now would be to study the pharmacology of this molecule. This work he has done is to prove a concept, is further evidence that stem cells exist in the heart, contrary to what is being taught in medical schools. However, all the work that lies ahead must be done within a framework of security and this can take many years until he moved to the patient, "concludes the researcher
Monday, September 12, 2011
Recreate memory brain activity that generates
Engineers at the University of Pittsburgh were able to reproduce the complex pattern of electrical impulses in the brain in a laboratory and see how memory is formed.
For their research, engineers cultured neurons obtained from rat hippocampus, a brain area known to be associated with memory formation, a process that was followed by MRI, which showed that memory is formed when a prolonged electrical activity in the cortex or outer layer.
Similarly, the experts made a crop of proteins on silicon wafers on which placed neurons taken from rats to observe under the microscope and the same neural system seen with resonance.
After a while, proteins and neurons grew and connected to form a neural network electrical activity was maintained for 12 seconds, far more than the time it takes a brain in normal position, which lasts no more than 0.25 seconds, but it was too short to do the analysis.
Henry Zeringue, bioengineering expert and head of the study, explained that the neurons that formed the network not only were able to transmit an electrical impulse, but also could maintain this activity for some time, enough so that these neurons generate memory.
"Neurons are more connected and more interdependent than any other body cell. Not enough to know how a neuron responds to a stimulus, because a network can react differently and even contrary to that expected, "Zeringue said.
According to the expert, the study is a tiny part of what happens in the brain, but a first step toward understanding this process
Equipment for investigating nanoparticle production
Analyzer to determine the size distribution of a particle, either diluted or suspended with a highly sensitive detector, known as Light scattering, and a centrifuge are two of the technological equipment obtained by the National Engineering University (UNI) and allowing the investigation nanoparticle production at commercial level in Peru.
These machines were purchased with cofinancing of $ 45,000 Equipment Contest Science and Technology organized by the Science and Technology FINCyT, attached to the Presidency of the Council of Ministers (PCM), in agreement with the Inter-American Development Bank (BID).
The direct beneficiaries of this equipment were members of Nanostructured Materials Group (GMN), Faculty of Sciences of the UNI, composed of physicists, chemists and engineers who work on multidisciplinary projects-oriented laboratory for new materials, self-cleaning surfaces , new treatments for cancer, solar cells, fuel cells, sensors, pigments, catalysts, among others.
Obtaining results within minutes
The project coordinator, physicist Walter Estrada Lopez said before we have this equipment, the process of analyzing the samples could take up to several months, but with the new equipment over time has been reduced to minutes.
He reported that the country has around 60 experts in nanoparticles, working in laboratories Trujillo, Arequipa and Lima, and this number sufficient given the potential it represents to Peru the aim to research and nanoscale exports to stop being a primary exporter of minerals.
These machines were purchased with cofinancing of $ 45,000 Equipment Contest Science and Technology organized by the Science and Technology FINCyT, attached to the Presidency of the Council of Ministers (PCM), in agreement with the Inter-American Development Bank (BID).
The direct beneficiaries of this equipment were members of Nanostructured Materials Group (GMN), Faculty of Sciences of the UNI, composed of physicists, chemists and engineers who work on multidisciplinary projects-oriented laboratory for new materials, self-cleaning surfaces , new treatments for cancer, solar cells, fuel cells, sensors, pigments, catalysts, among others.
Obtaining results within minutes
The project coordinator, physicist Walter Estrada Lopez said before we have this equipment, the process of analyzing the samples could take up to several months, but with the new equipment over time has been reduced to minutes.
He reported that the country has around 60 experts in nanoparticles, working in laboratories Trujillo, Arequipa and Lima, and this number sufficient given the potential it represents to Peru the aim to research and nanoscale exports to stop being a primary exporter of minerals.
New Printers "Solid Ink" Xerox
The innovative technology of high speed solid ink Xerox provides a new way to print in color daily with a lower cost.
Three new platform-based MFPs ColorQube allows customers faster print speeds. The cartridge-free MFPs print and copy at speeds up to 55 pages per minute (ppm) color, 60 ppm in black and white and scan up to 60 pages per minute in color.
Three new platform-based MFPs ColorQube allows customers faster print speeds. The cartridge-free MFPs print and copy at speeds up to 55 pages per minute (ppm) color, 60 ppm in black and white and scan up to 60 pages per minute in color.
New Printers "Solid Ink" Xerox
The innovative technology of high speed solid ink Xerox provides a new way to print in color daily with a lower cost.
Three new platform-based MFPs ColorQube allows customers faster print speeds. The cartridge-free MFPs print and copy at speeds up to 55 pages per minute (ppm) color, 60 ppm in black and white and scan up to 60 pages per minute in color.
Three new platform-based MFPs ColorQube allows customers faster print speeds. The cartridge-free MFPs print and copy at speeds up to 55 pages per minute (ppm) color, 60 ppm in black and white and scan up to 60 pages per minute in color.
Mars would have formed in a few million years
Mars as a planet was developed in as little as two to four million years after the birth of the solar system, much faster than Earth, according to a new study published in the journal Nature. The rapid formation of the red planet helps explain why it is so small, scientists said Nicolas Dauphas of the University of Chicago, and Ali Pourmand, University of Miami.
Mars is probably not a planet like Earth, which grew to full size between 50 and 100 million years through collisions with other small bodies in the solar system, said Dauphas, associate professor of geophysical sciences.
"The Earth as embryos was Mars, but Mars is an embryonic planet stranded not collided with other embryos to give rise to a planet like Earth," said Dauphas.
Geological record
Pourmand Dauphas and were able to refine the age of Mars using, by way of a timer, the radioactive decay of hafnium in tungsten in meteorites. Hafnium 182 decays into tungsten 182 in an average life of nine million years. This relatively fast process means that almost all Hafnium 182 will disappear in 50 million years, providing a way to build a refined chronology of the early solar system events.
Previous estimates of the formation of Mars presented a range as high as 15 million years because the chemical composition of the Martian mantle is largely unknown. Scientists are still struggling with large uncertainties in the composition of the mantle because they alter the composition of processes such as fusion.
The secret in chondrites
The resolution of some lingering uncertainties about the composition of chondrites, a common type of meteorites, provided the data they needed. Remains essentially unchanged surplus of birth of the solar system, chondrites Rosetta stone used to deduce the chemical composition of the planet.
The cosmochemical chondrites have been studied intensively, but still have little understanding between the abundances of the two categories of items they contain, including uranium, thorium, hafnium and lutetium.
Pourmand Dauphas and analyzed the abundances of these elements in more than 30 chondrites, and compared with those of 20 other compositions of Martian meteorites.
Hafnium and thorium are both elements are refractory or non-volatile, meaning that their compositions are relatively constant in meteorites. Litofilos elements are also those who have remained in the mantle when the core of Mars was formed. Therefore, if scientists can measure the ratio of hafnium-thorium in the mantle of Mars, would the rate for the entire planet, they need to rebuild their formation history.
A premature birth
Relations between hafnium-thorium and tungsten dictated that the hafnium-thorium ratio in the mantle of Mars should be similar to the same ratio as in chondrites. To calculate the proportion of the Martian mantle hafnium-thorium ratio is divided thorium-tungsten Martian meteorites hafnium-thorium ratio of the chondrites.
Once Pourmand Dauphas and determined this relationship were able to calculate how long it took to become a planet Mars. The simulation shows that Mars must have reached half its current size only two billion years after solar system formation.
Rapid formation of Mars could help explain the puzzling similarities in the content of xenon in its atmosphere and the Earth. "Maybe it's just a coincidence, but maybe the solution is part of the Earth's atmosphere was inherited from an earlier generation of embryos that had their own environments, perhaps an environment like Mars," said Dauphas.
Recognizing the age of the stars
Using the Kepler space telescope and a new technique to determine the age of the stars with their rotation, astronomers have been able to know the age of a distant star cluster.
The research led by Soren Meibom, an astronomer at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, focused primarily on the star cluster called NGC 6811, one billion years in which girocronología (new method that accurately determines the ages of stars based on their speed of rotation) can have a major impact in understanding what is beyond our solar system.
In addition, the astronomers searched the glare caused by the dark markings that are equivalent to sunspots to fix the exact rotation of the stars. Aided by the Kepler telescope, designed specifically to measure the stellar brightness with high accuracy, it can also detect planets that block the light from a star slightly if they cross its surface.
"The rotation of a star decreases progressively with time, like a top (spinning object) on a table, and can be used as a clock to determine their age," says Meibom in a recent press conference the session 218 of the American Astronomical Society.
"We need to know the ages of stars and planets to assess whether extraterrestrial life could have evolved on these distant worlds," says Meibom about the importance of this study.
The researcher found rotation periods ranging from 1 to 11 days (massive stars that rotate faster and are hotter), compared with the speed of rotation of 30 days of our sun. More importantly, astronomers found a strong relationship between stellar mass and rotation rate.
Are remains of soldiers
INAH specialists discovered in the Fort Tanneries in Nuevo Leon, Mexico, ten skeletons of fallen U.S. soldiers in 1846 during the Battle of Monterrey, which fought U.S. and Mexicans, the stature of the skeletons in the fort of Mexico, between 1.75 and 1.80 m. add up to a dozen more found in excavations in 1995, 2006 and 2008, said Araceli Rivera Estrada archaeologist.
LED lamp
Philips announced the Endura Philips LED lamp within its line A21 lamps Light Emitting Diode (LED) in the framework of the international fair LIGHTFAIR (Philadelphia). Designed to replace the incandescent bulb of 75 watts, and reducing energy consumption by up to 80% while offering a lifespan 25 times longer, which means offering lamps of 1,100 lumens with only 17 watts of electricity, a color temperature of 2700K, a color rendering index (CRI English) 80, and a rated life of 25,000 hours. The EnduraLED A21, which uses high power LED bulbs LUXEON was also developed to meet or exceed ENERGY STAR qualifications in the coming months for the qualification tests. According to Philips, to adopt these lamps could remove 3 million metric tons of carbon emissions.
New Toshiba Satellite Pro L640 of
Share projects and respond to e will be much faster and easier, thanks to its Intel Core i3-380M gives very responsive to anyone multitasking executive for whom time is money. Managers, whether they are corporate or mid-sized businesses will not have to worry about how big their efforts may be because the 320GB hard drive (5400 rpm), Serial ATA ensures ample storage. Some of his other benefits are Professional Windows 7 operating system in Spanish, 3GB DDR3 memory and screen TruBrite 14 ". One of the creations that illustrates the innovative spirit of the company is Toshiba Disc Creator. It is made for the creation of original audio and data CD, DVD and HD DVD, as well as backup in the same formats. Its main panel contains all the options and functions necessary to create any type of CD.
Apps Samsung brand than
Samsung Electronics announced that the first application store in the world for TV-Samsung-Apps surpassed the mark of five million downloads worldwide. Online video applications were the ones that topped the charts worldwide and regional, with Youtube which led in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries worldwide.
Applications that promote the exchange of experiences and family-centered aspects have been the most popular to date. These include: Vimeo (No. 4 of the world's No. 1 Latin America and the United Arab Emirates), and DAILYMOTION (world No. 9, No. 1 in Russia). Information applications such as Google Maps (N º. 2), AccuWeather (No. 3) and USA Today (No. 7), also figured prominently in the global ranking of downloads. Also more than 550 applications designed specifically for television.
New Toshiba Satellite Pro L640 of
Share projects and respond to e will be much faster and easier, thanks to its Intel Core i3-380M gives very responsive to anyone multitasking executive for whom time is money. Managers, whether they are corporate or mid-sized businesses will not have to worry about how big their efforts may be because the 320GB hard drive (5400 rpm), Serial ATA ensures ample storage. Some of his other benefits are Professional Windows 7 operating system in Spanish, 3GB DDR3 memory and screen TruBrite 14 ". One of the creations that illustrates the innovative spirit of the company is Toshiba Disc Creator. It is made for the creation of original audio and data CD, DVD and HD DVD, as well as backup in the same formats. Its main panel contains all the options and functions necessary to create any type of CD.
Apps Samsung brand than
Samsung Electronics announced that the first application store in the world for TV-Samsung-Apps surpassed the mark of five million downloads worldwide. Online video applications were the ones that topped the charts worldwide and regional, with Youtube which led in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries worldwide.
Applications that promote the exchange of experiences and family-centered aspects have been the most popular to date. These include: Vimeo (No. 4 of the world's No. 1 Latin America and the United Arab Emirates), and DAILYMOTION (world No. 9, No. 1 in Russia). Information applications such as Google Maps (N º. 2), AccuWeather (No. 3) and USA Today (No. 7), also figured prominently in the global ranking of downloads. Also more than 550 applications designed specifically for television.
iRobot, the domestic robot that will surprise the world
If you ever imagine that a robot will do the housework because it is no longer a dream, iRobot Corp. company and the group have brought to Peru Venesys robots chore iRobot Roomba and Scooba iRobot
iRobot Roomba robotic vacuum cleaner is that traps, sweeps and vacuums with a deep cleaning under furniture, corners and edges, and focuses on dirtier areas and know when to recharge. This robot has a routine cleaning day and time, recognizing the types of stories, and if your concern is falling, it does not have to, because it recognizes when a cliff. iRobot Scooba 385 is the robot that washes floors and all types of hardwood flooring, linoleum and tile others. Know what to clean and what not, is recharged with a battery that can be cleaned with a 40 m2 to 80 m2 tank, which could be compared with the cleanliness of three or four rooms.
The cleaning process can be summarized in four steps: preparation, washes, scrubs and sucks. This robot has its own vacuum cleaner to suck up crumbs, sand and dust, spray your floor cleaning solution from tank cleaning and scrubbing brushes with rotating and then sucks the dirty water with all the particles and germs.
IRobot Scooba also avoids stairs and falls, includes four packages of natural enzyme formula cleaner hard floors Scooba, Scooba battery (APS), Scooba Virtual Wall power, which creates an infrared beam that Scooba will not cross avoiding block is also perfect for inputs and cables. For more information, visit the website www.irobot.com
iRobot Roomba robotic vacuum cleaner is that traps, sweeps and vacuums with a deep cleaning under furniture, corners and edges, and focuses on dirtier areas and know when to recharge. This robot has a routine cleaning day and time, recognizing the types of stories, and if your concern is falling, it does not have to, because it recognizes when a cliff. iRobot Scooba 385 is the robot that washes floors and all types of hardwood flooring, linoleum and tile others. Know what to clean and what not, is recharged with a battery that can be cleaned with a 40 m2 to 80 m2 tank, which could be compared with the cleanliness of three or four rooms.
The cleaning process can be summarized in four steps: preparation, washes, scrubs and sucks. This robot has its own vacuum cleaner to suck up crumbs, sand and dust, spray your floor cleaning solution from tank cleaning and scrubbing brushes with rotating and then sucks the dirty water with all the particles and germs.
IRobot Scooba also avoids stairs and falls, includes four packages of natural enzyme formula cleaner hard floors Scooba, Scooba battery (APS), Scooba Virtual Wall power, which creates an infrared beam that Scooba will not cross avoiding block is also perfect for inputs and cables. For more information, visit the website www.irobot.com
Space Archaeology of Egypt
17 pyramids which was not known have been identified in a 'scan' satellite 700 kilometers above the earth on the territory of Egypt.
The survey was carried out using infrared rays have uncovered buried structures under the ground. They have also been detected in this study over 1,000 graves and 3,000 sites. Two of the pyramids and are being investigated.
The survey was carried out using infrared rays have uncovered buried structures under the ground. They have also been detected in this study over 1,000 graves and 3,000 sites. Two of the pyramids and are being investigated.
Inca Archaeology
Found 370 Inca chullpas
Archaeologists found 370 Peruvian Inca chullpas in an area of difficult access Chumbivilcas province, Cusco region. The site contains funerary structures, with burial in niches painted red and white. In addition to the chullpas, made in clay or stone was found a pit, where they have found bones, skulls, pottery fragmented, weaving and vegetable fibers.
Maya city located with GPS
In Guatemala, a group of archaeologists found a Mayan city hidden in the jungle by a three dimensional mapping using GPS and electronic measurements. They were found a hundred old buildings hidden for eight centuries, have been inhabited by some 2,000 people. The city grew from 600 BCE and 900 A.D.
Archaeologists found 370 Peruvian Inca chullpas in an area of difficult access Chumbivilcas province, Cusco region. The site contains funerary structures, with burial in niches painted red and white. In addition to the chullpas, made in clay or stone was found a pit, where they have found bones, skulls, pottery fragmented, weaving and vegetable fibers.
Maya city located with GPS
In Guatemala, a group of archaeologists found a Mayan city hidden in the jungle by a three dimensional mapping using GPS and electronic measurements. They were found a hundred old buildings hidden for eight centuries, have been inhabited by some 2,000 people. The city grew from 600 BCE and 900 A.D.
transistor 3-d
Intel announced a breakthrough in the basic structure of the transistor, which is the microscopic block is built with modern electronics. For the first time since its invention more than 50 years, silicon transistors are built using a revolutionary design in three dimensions, called Tri-Gate, unveiled by Intel in 2002 and will begin to manufacture in large quantities by the end of this year in the 22 nanometer node (nm) on an Intel chip codenamed Ivy Bridge. A nanometer is one billionth of a meter.
Tri-dimensional transistors Gate represent a fundamental shift in relation to the flat structure of the transistors in two dimensions, technology has been used not only in computers and phones, but in electronic controls for vehicles, spacecraft, electronics, medical devices among others.
Apple fourth-generation iMac
With quad-core processors, it is up to 70 percent faster new graphics and triple the performance of the previous generation.
Apple announced the new generation of iMac with two new models with screens of 21.5 and 27 inches of glass, quad-core technology, E / S Thunderbolt high speed and a new HD camera for video calls FaceTime. The new iMac is up to 70 percent faster new graphics and triple the performance of previous generation quad-core processors to further improve the best desktop computer in the world.
The new iMac Intel Core quad-core i5, with the option for the customer to opt for Core i7 processors to 3.4 GHz These next generation processors feature an integrated memory controller, and a new multimedia engine video encoding and decoding.
RIM: New Facebook Application
Following the success of the Facebook application for BlackBerry smartphones, Research In Motion (RIM) (Nasdaq: RIMM TSX: RIM) today announced Facebook for BlackBerry playbook - a new application that provides the most popular Facebook features optimized for the screen 7-inch LCD high-resolution multi-touch tablet of PlayBook.
Facebook for BlackBerry Playbook provides highly attractive user experience by integrating familiar Facebook features and functionality including:
View and add friends.
Enjoy a perfect view of photos and videos
Connect with friends using Facebook Chat - users can enjoy a joint hearing on the display PlayBook of contacts connected and active conversations.
Tri-dimensional transistors Gate represent a fundamental shift in relation to the flat structure of the transistors in two dimensions, technology has been used not only in computers and phones, but in electronic controls for vehicles, spacecraft, electronics, medical devices among others.
Apple fourth-generation iMac
With quad-core processors, it is up to 70 percent faster new graphics and triple the performance of the previous generation.
Apple announced the new generation of iMac with two new models with screens of 21.5 and 27 inches of glass, quad-core technology, E / S Thunderbolt high speed and a new HD camera for video calls FaceTime. The new iMac is up to 70 percent faster new graphics and triple the performance of previous generation quad-core processors to further improve the best desktop computer in the world.
The new iMac Intel Core quad-core i5, with the option for the customer to opt for Core i7 processors to 3.4 GHz These next generation processors feature an integrated memory controller, and a new multimedia engine video encoding and decoding.
RIM: New Facebook Application
Following the success of the Facebook application for BlackBerry smartphones, Research In Motion (RIM) (Nasdaq: RIMM TSX: RIM) today announced Facebook for BlackBerry playbook - a new application that provides the most popular Facebook features optimized for the screen 7-inch LCD high-resolution multi-touch tablet of PlayBook.
Facebook for BlackBerry Playbook provides highly attractive user experience by integrating familiar Facebook features and functionality including:
View and add friends.
Enjoy a perfect view of photos and videos
Connect with friends using Facebook Chat - users can enjoy a joint hearing on the display PlayBook of contacts connected and active conversations.
asymmetric galaxy
Asymmetric galaxy discovered
The Hubble telescope and the MPG / ESO 2.2-meter star images have captured opposing Meathook asymmetric spiral galaxy, or NGC 244. Astronomers report that NGC 244 has an extraordinarily asymmetric spiral arm is folded upon itself and contains a recent supernova, while the other, punctuated by newly formed stars, extends from the nucleus.
The densest solid exoplanet
The planet, called 55 Cancri e, 40 light years from Earth, is 60 percent larger in diameter than Earth, but eight times more massive. The densest planet known so far is only twice as much as ours. 55 Cancri and circling the star 55 Cancri A, so close that its year is less than 18 hours. "You could measure the dates Cancri a wristwatch instead of a timetable," says astronomer Jaymie Matthews.
The Hubble telescope and the MPG / ESO 2.2-meter star images have captured opposing Meathook asymmetric spiral galaxy, or NGC 244. Astronomers report that NGC 244 has an extraordinarily asymmetric spiral arm is folded upon itself and contains a recent supernova, while the other, punctuated by newly formed stars, extends from the nucleus.
The densest solid exoplanet
The planet, called 55 Cancri e, 40 light years from Earth, is 60 percent larger in diameter than Earth, but eight times more massive. The densest planet known so far is only twice as much as ours. 55 Cancri and circling the star 55 Cancri A, so close that its year is less than 18 hours. "You could measure the dates Cancri a wristwatch instead of a timetable," says astronomer Jaymie Matthews.
giant ant fossils
Canadian and U.S. scientists have found the fossil of a new species of ant that lived 50 million years ago and was able to travel thousands of miles. The discovery was made in sediments of an ancient lake in Wyoming (USA).
The insect, named 'Titanomyrma Lubei', was about two inches, making it one of the largest ant species found so far. Apparently, these insects were transferred from the territory now known as North America to Europe (or vice versa), because in Germany have found similar examples.
The only specimen found in Wyoming is one of a queen ant. Although they have not located any worker ant of this species, researchers can get an idea of the size that would have compared to the fossil found in Germany.
warm habitats
The fossils of this type of ant that had wings and all cases were found near the plants that grow in habitats with temperatures around 20 º C.
The scientists, led by Bruce Archibald, a researcher at Simon Fraser University (Canada), believe that these ants crossed the Arctic during warm periods using land bridges between continents.
In fact, after bringing on a map all the species of ant found (both extinct and current) whose size was greater than 3 centimeters, the scientists concluded that they all live or lived in areas with tropical temperatures.
Albert Einstein :was right
Gravity Probe B of the U.S. space agency, NASA, produced a striking confirmation of some of the fundamental predictions of Albert Einstein.
Launched in 2004, the experiment was intended to test two of Einstein's theories about the nature of space and time, and how the Earth distorts them.
The satellite observations showed the huge body of the Earth very subtle twisting of space and time, and even pulling them toward him.
Scientists were able to see these effects by studying the behavior of four quartz spheres the size of ping pong balls perfectly designed to be transported within the probe.
The results were published in Physical Review Letters.
Mission 1959
The model shows how space and time form a structure that would curve in the presence of a body like the planets.
The idea of the mission was first proposed in 1959, but the project had to wait until the technologies needed to carry it out were invented.
Francis Everitt, principal investigator for the mission of the University of Stanford, who was there at the beginning of the idea of Gravity Probe B (GP-B) in the late 1950's said: "We have completed this experiment without above, proving the universe of Einstein and Einstein survives. "
GP-B was not released until 2004, and since then the mission team evaluates the data and to make sure their comments.
Some of the difficulties the group have been showing some actual measurements were incredibly small and were not biased by flaws introduced into the experimental setup. For a while, it appeared that the experiment would not succeed.
In the space
Known as the geodetic effect, this is the amount by which the mass of the Earth distorts space-time dimension.
The other, known to physicists as frame-dragging or warping effect is the phenomenon by which the Earth rotates with the space-time around itself as it rotates.
GP-B tried to observe these two effects by measuring small deviations in the axis of the four gyroscopes in relation to the position of a star called IM Pegasi (HR 8703).
To ensure accuracy, the balls had to be cooled to nearly "absolute zero" (-273C) and were carried in a thermos containing giant super fluid helium. This and other measures isolated areas of external shocks.
If Einstein was wrong in its ideas, the gyroscopes would have turned unhindered by external forces (pressure, heat, magnetic field, gravity and electrical charges).
But since the physical taught us that space and time are distorted by the presence of the Earth, the deviation should be measurable, although with great difficulty.
In the course of a year, the expected rotation of the axes of the balls for the geodetic effect was calculated and found to be in the range of a few thousand milliseconds of arc. The warping effect is expected to be even lower.
"A millisecond of arc is the width of a human hair seen at a distance of 16 km. It really is a fairly small angle, and this is precisely the Gravity Probe B had to do, "said Professor Everitt.
"For the geodetic effect, the effect of relativity by Einstein in 6606.1 of these millisecond of arc, and the result of the move was a little over one quarter of one percent of that. The frame-dragging we measured was just over 20%. "
"Physicists never stop testing their basic theories, either to confirm good or reveal new physics beyond the standard theories."
"In some cases, the only place to do this to conduct such experiments, it is in space. This was the case of GP-B ".
Launched in 2004, the experiment was intended to test two of Einstein's theories about the nature of space and time, and how the Earth distorts them.
The satellite observations showed the huge body of the Earth very subtle twisting of space and time, and even pulling them toward him.
Scientists were able to see these effects by studying the behavior of four quartz spheres the size of ping pong balls perfectly designed to be transported within the probe.
The results were published in Physical Review Letters.
Mission 1959
The model shows how space and time form a structure that would curve in the presence of a body like the planets.
The idea of the mission was first proposed in 1959, but the project had to wait until the technologies needed to carry it out were invented.
Francis Everitt, principal investigator for the mission of the University of Stanford, who was there at the beginning of the idea of Gravity Probe B (GP-B) in the late 1950's said: "We have completed this experiment without above, proving the universe of Einstein and Einstein survives. "
GP-B was not released until 2004, and since then the mission team evaluates the data and to make sure their comments.
Some of the difficulties the group have been showing some actual measurements were incredibly small and were not biased by flaws introduced into the experimental setup. For a while, it appeared that the experiment would not succeed.
In the space
Known as the geodetic effect, this is the amount by which the mass of the Earth distorts space-time dimension.
The other, known to physicists as frame-dragging or warping effect is the phenomenon by which the Earth rotates with the space-time around itself as it rotates.
GP-B tried to observe these two effects by measuring small deviations in the axis of the four gyroscopes in relation to the position of a star called IM Pegasi (HR 8703).
To ensure accuracy, the balls had to be cooled to nearly "absolute zero" (-273C) and were carried in a thermos containing giant super fluid helium. This and other measures isolated areas of external shocks.
If Einstein was wrong in its ideas, the gyroscopes would have turned unhindered by external forces (pressure, heat, magnetic field, gravity and electrical charges).
But since the physical taught us that space and time are distorted by the presence of the Earth, the deviation should be measurable, although with great difficulty.
In the course of a year, the expected rotation of the axes of the balls for the geodetic effect was calculated and found to be in the range of a few thousand milliseconds of arc. The warping effect is expected to be even lower.
"A millisecond of arc is the width of a human hair seen at a distance of 16 km. It really is a fairly small angle, and this is precisely the Gravity Probe B had to do, "said Professor Everitt.
"For the geodetic effect, the effect of relativity by Einstein in 6606.1 of these millisecond of arc, and the result of the move was a little over one quarter of one percent of that. The frame-dragging we measured was just over 20%. "
"Physicists never stop testing their basic theories, either to confirm good or reveal new physics beyond the standard theories."
"In some cases, the only place to do this to conduct such experiments, it is in space. This was the case of GP-B ".
AMD Radeon HD 6000 :graphics cards
AMD announced the arrival of the AMD Radeon HD graphics cards 6450, HD 6570 and HD 6670
These plates have a low cost of less consumption of 75 watts of power, and offer affordable solutions for HD video playback and using productivity software. The proliferation of HD and 3D content puts even more emphasis on the quality of visual experience and AMD Radeon graphics cards deliver leading image quality.
Gliese 581d: a new horizon for humanity
A new analysis of the system of planets in the star Gliese 581, a red dwarf star about twenty light years from Earth, shows that besides the already known (and controversial) Gliese 581g, another of the six worlds, Gliese 581d, seem able to hold liquid water on its surface, and perhaps life. The study appears in the latest issue of the Astrophysical Journal Letters.
Less than a year, a team of astronomers from the University of California, Santa Cruz and the Carnegie Institution of Washington announced the discovery of the first planet "really living" beyond our solar system. It was the planet "g", one of six known worlds around the star Gliese 581, about twenty light years from Earth.
Just weeks later, however, another group of astronomers questioned the discovery, because they were not able to detect the planet with its instruments. Since then, the question remained in suspense, waiting for new data to confirm or disprove the spectacular discovery.
A new possibility
Now all eyes turn to head towards the red dwarf Gliese 581, but not the planet "g" but another of their worlds, the "d", a planet discovered in 2007 and was initially dismissed as potential recipient of life . A new model developed by Robin Wordsworth and Francois Forget, climatologists from the French CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique) shows indeed that Gliese 581d has an amazing potential. Enough to snatch his neighbor planet (the "g"), the title of first habitable planet detected by the man outside the Solar System.
In fact, the new calculations indicate that its thick atmosphere rich in CO2, is perfectly capable of retaining the heat of the planet through the greenhouse effect. At the same time, which is essential to allow the passage of red light rays from the star, they heat the surface. "In any case, the researchers say, the temperatures allow the presence of liquid water."
Gliese 581d, also is on the edge of the "habitable zone" of its star, the orbital narrow or too cold or too hot, allowing the existence of liquid water on the surface, a condition that is considered essential to the pursuit of one type of life we know.
Twice the size of Earth
The planet "d" is several times larger than its neighbor, "g". It is a rocky world that has doubled in size and seven times more massive than Earth. "With a dense atmosphere of carbon dioxide, a likely scenario in a world so large, the atmosphere of Gliese 581d is not only stable, but warm enough to have oceans, clouds and rain."
Gliese 581d receives less than one third of solar radiation the Earth and, like his younger brother "g", it always shows the same face to its sun. That is, half the planet is always day, while the other half is mired in perpetual darkness.
In the words of the researchers, "Gliese 581 d would be a very strange place to visit. The high density of the air and the thick clouds keep the surface under a perpetual murky reddish light. And its large mass means that gravity would experience there would be about twice that on Earth. "
However, despite the star Gliese 581 is one of the "neighbors" are closest to the Sun, with today's media would take forever to save twenty light years that separate us from it (each light year is about 9 , 6 billion km.). The fastest of our ships, in effect, would have to travel for more than 300,000 years to get there.
Find
In April, a team of astronomers announced in Astronomy & Astrophysics the discovery of two planets orbiting the M star Gliese 581 (a red dwarf), with masses of at least 5 and 8 Earth masses. Given their distance from the parent star, these new planets (now known as Gliese 581 c Gliese 581 d) are considered possible candidates for the first habitable planets.
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